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municipality " (compare with: "special-purpose district") is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government.

Municipalities are not necessarily the same as townships.

In most countries, this is the smallest administrative subdivision that has its own democratically elected representative leadership. In several European countries, municipalities as second level entities are referred to as iIn Canada, a municipality is a city, town, township, county, or regional municipality which has been incorporated by statute by the legislatures of the Provinces and territories of Canada. It is also a specific designation for certain municipalities in Quebec and Ontario. Saskatchewan and Manitoba are aslso divised in i) is a subdivision of the Federal District (see municipalities of Mexico and Boroughs of the Mexican Federal District).Every part of mainland New Zealand is part of either a "city" (mostly urban) or a "district" (mostly rural). The term "municipality" has become rare in New Zealand since about 1979 and has no legal status.) is a town or a city ranked by law at this level. See Municipality in Romania for more information.In South Africa, municipalities are subdivisions of a province, and are ranked by size. In descending order: metropolitan, district, local.In the United States, the entities that have status as a municipality vary from state to state. Cities, towns, boroughs, or villages are common terms for municipalities. Townships, counties, and parishes are not generally considered to be municipalities, although there are exceptions. In some states, towns have a non-municipal status similar to townships.In the People's Republic of China, a municipality (直辖市 in pinyin: zhíxiéshì) is a city with equal status to a province: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing (see Municipality of China)In the Republic of China on Taiwan, a municipality (直轄市 in Wade-Giles: chi-hsia-shih) is a city with equal status to a province: Taipei and Kaohsiung. (see Municipality of China)) for certain national administrative purposes, the municipality is not subordinate to the district and decentralization is doing away with the districts. A municipality contains one or more i) is the primary local administrative unit. There are 193 of them, 11 of which have a special "Urban" status with additional autonomy.See also: List of terms for subnational entities, List of subnational entities, Matrix of subnational entities