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Michelle Kwan "Kwan's reaction after performing a flawless free skate at the 2001 World Championships in Vancouver, Canada." ; Cantonese Pengyam: Kwan Wing San; born July 7, 1980Michelle Kwan is an American figure skater and media celebrity who has won 9 U.S. championships, 5 world championships, and 2 Olympic medals making her the most decorated figure skater in U.S. history.

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Kwan has won five World Championships (1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2003), the most by anyone in the ladies' division since Carol Heiss (1956 - 1960) with whom she is tied for the most wins by an American. She has won nine United States National Championships (1996, 1998-2005), tying the record for most set by Maribel Vinson-Owen (1928 - 1933, 1935 - 1937). She has also won a silver in the 1998 Nagano, Japan Olympics and a bronze in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics. Among her many accolades, Michelle received the prestigious Sullivan Award as America's best amateur athlete in 2001. Kwan has received a combined total of 54 6.0s from her Nationals and Worlds competitions throughout the years.

Born in Torrance, California, Kwan is the third child of Chinese immigrants (from Hong Kong). She was named after the Beatles song "Michelle". At the age of five her love for figure skating began as she followed after her two older siblings (one who played ice hockey, Ron, and one who figure skated, Karen) onto the ice. Kwan's family moved to Lake Arrowhead, California in 1991 to intensify her training with Frank Carroll, a leading figure skating coach. At the age of 12 in 1992 Kwan passed a test to become a senior level figure skater despite the disapproval of her coach. In 1993 Kwan finished sixth at her first senior U.S. championships, and later that year she won the 1994 World Junior title.

In 1994, Kwan finished second to Tonya Harding at the U.S. championships, which ordinarily would have earned her a spot on the U.S. team to the 1994 Olympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway. However, that place was instead given to 1993 national champion Nancy Kerrigan, sidelined by an assault and battery (eventually connected to Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly) after a practice session at those championships. The 13-year-old Kwan went to Norway as an alternate. However, Kwan competed at the 1994 World Championships, where Kerrigan and Harding did not appear, finishing eighth.

By the end of the 1994 competitive season, Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan and Oksana Baiul as well as other competitors of the Lillehammer Olympics had left the amateur level for the professional ranks, leaving behind a sport badly damaged by the scandals and ready for a new star to help it regain its stature. As a result of the scandal, the U.S. Championship was vacant for Kwan and others to capture in 1995. While Nicole Bobek captured the gold medal at the U.S. Nationals, Kwan made a mark as a "jumping bean" in the World Championships, landing 7 clean triples and placing 4th.

Following 1995, Kwan and her team thought that she should transform herself from a "jumping bean" to a figure skating artist in order for her to emerge as a gold medal Olympic champion. This transformation manifested itself in her new competitive programs, Romanza (short program) and Salome' (free skate), Kwan proved that she was a major contender for the World title. In 1996, Kwan won the U.S. Championships and the World Championships. In the latter event she edged out defending champion Lu Chen from China in a close competition in which both competitors' marks for the free skate included perfect 6.0s.

In the 1996–97 season, Kwan skated to "Dream of Desdemona" (short program) and "Taj Mahal" (free skate). It was during this year that Michelle Kwan debuted the change of edge spiral in her short program which is still considered her signature move. However, in this season, Kwan struggled with her jumps because she wore new skating boots as a result of an endorsement with a skate company. She fell 3 times in her free skate at 1997 U.S. Nationals and refused to be interviewed with Lipinski and bronze medalist Bobek. She also lost Champion Series Final and World titles to Tara Lipinski that season.

Kwan regained her U.S. title from Lipinski at the 1998 championships, in spite of competing with a toe injury. Many people consider her performances of her Rachmaninoff short program and free skate set to William Alwyn's "Lyra Angelica" at the 1998 U.S. Championships to be the high point of her career from both a technical and artistic standpoint.

Although she was the favorite to win the 1998 Olympic Games in Nagano, Japan, the gold medal was awarded to Lipinski, then 15, with Kwan winning the silver medal. However, Kwan then won the 1998 World Championships, in which Lipinski did not compete. Lipinski's subsequent retirement from eligible skating ended an era of competition for Kwan and Lipinski. Without Lipinski, others stepped up to become her rival.

While Lipinski turned professional shortly after the Olympics in 1998, Kwan continued to compete as an eligible skater. In the 1998-99 season, Kwan skated to "Fate of Carmen" (short program) and "Lamento D'Ariane" (free skate). At the 1999 U.S. Championships, Kwan attained her third title, landing a triple toe loop triple toe loop combination despite an uncharacteristic fall on her second triple lutz at the end of her program. At the 1999 World Championships, however, Kwan made two major errors in the short program and minor errors in the long program and lost to Maria Butyrskaya.

Michelle Kwan's win at the 2000 U.S. Nationals was controversial. Despite a fall in the short program, the judges placed her in the top three in that segment, keeping her in contention for the title. However, she defeated Sasha Cohen, a young skater known as a "baby ballerina," in the long program to win the 2000 Nationals Championship. At the 2000 World Championships, after the short program, Butyrskaya was first with Irina Slutskaya second, while Kwan was in third after a flawed "A Day in The Life" short program. Kwan's fate was not completely in her hands; in order to win the title she would have to win the free skate and have someone else beat Butyrskaya as well. In her free skate to music from the film "The Red Violin", Kwan landed seven triples, including a triple toe loop triple toe loop combination. This was enough for Kwan to win both the free skate and world title as Butyrskaya finished only third in the free skating.

In 2001, while Cohen sat injured, other competitors Sarah Hughes and Angela Nikodinov challenged Kwan for the national title but Kwan again won the U.S. Championships. Similarly, at the 2001 World Championships, Slutskaya, Butirskaya, Hughes, and Nikodinov, all challenged Kwan for the title. In the short program Kwan was second to Slutskaya, skating to music from the "East of Eden" TV adaptation. Kwan battled back to win the title with her "Song of the Black Swan" long program, executing 7 triples including a tripletriple combination, to break the "odd year curse" that she had experienced at prior World Championships.

In the fall of 2001, Kwan and Carroll parted ways. Coachless, Kwan arrived at the 2002 U.S. Championships in Los Angeles with the media's scrutiny over her separation with Carroll and her season's inconsistencies. Proving that she was still a force to contend with, Kwan won the competition with a revived "Rachmaninoff" short program and a new "Scheherazade" program for her free skate. Joining her on the Olympic team were Sasha Cohen (second) and Sarah Hughes (third). The 21-year-old Kwan, along with Russia's Irina Slutskaya, remained the favorites to win the gold medal in the Salt Lake City Olympics. After the short program, Kwan led, followed by Slutskaya, Cohen, and Hughes. In the free skate, a combination of a flawed, pressure-filled performance by Kwan (two-footing her combination and failing on her triple flip), the success of another young phenomenon, 16-year-old Sarah Hughes, saw Kwan receive the bronze medal. During the exhibition gala, Kwan skated a tearful, bittersweet performance to "Fields of Gold". Kwan finished the 2002 season second at the World Championships behind Slutskaya.

While the question of Kwan's retirement to the professional level continues to linger, she has continued to compete on the eligible circuit. While a new generation of skaters has begun to emerge and present Kwan with new challenges, she has responded in kind; she has added three more U.S. championships (2003-2005: bringing her consecutive streak to an all-time record eight and total to a shared-record nine) and a fifth World championship (2003) to a list of her victories.

Coached by Scott Williams, Kwan won all phases of every competition she entered in the 2002-2003 competitive season with her programs: the exotic "The Feeling Begins" (short program) and "Concierto de Aranjuez" (free skate). She won the U.S. Championships again and regained her World title.

In 2003, she hired noted technician Rafael Arutunian as her coach, with whom she has attempted to increase the technical difficulty of her programs. In the 2003-2004 competitive season, she skated again to "The Feeling Begins" for her short program, and "Tosca" for her long program. Again, Kwan won the U.S. Championships. At the 2004 World Championships, after a difficult qualifying round, Kwan was penalized in her short program for going two seconds overtime. Then, just as she was about to start her free skate, there was a disruption caused by a spectator entering the ice surface, who had to be removed by security staff. In the end, Kwan placed third at the championships behind Shizuka Arakawa of Japan and Sasha Cohen.

For the competitive season of 2004-2005 for Michelle Kwan skated a long program to the "Boléro" music made famous by Torvill and Dean two decades before, and debuted a new short program "Adagio" from Aram Khachaturian's ballet . At the U.S. Championships, she won her 9th title, tying the all-time record previously set by Maribel Vinson-Owen. Interestingly, Vinson-Owen coached Frank Carroll who in turn coached Kwan. At the 2005 World Championship, Kwan saw herself seemingly unprepared in the new Code of Points judging system which had been adopted by the International Skating Union. Because of her lack of CoP experience, Michelle did not skate her best and finished off the podium by only 0.37 point. For the first time since 1995, Kwan finished off the podium at the World Championships.

Kwan looked at the 2005 Worlds competition as a learning experience in the new judging system. She continued to train and stated that she would attempt to qualify for the 2006 Olympic Games in Turin, Italy. Unfortunately, following a hip injury, she was forced to withdraw from three competitions during the 2005-2006 season: Campbell's Classic, Skate America and Cup of China. Kwan returned to competition at the Marshalls Winter Challenge with the debut of her new short program (Totentanz), and went on to win with technically downgraded performances in a fan-voting format over Sasha Cohen, Alissa Czisny, and Emily Hughes, who had all competed during the 2005-2006 season. On January 4, 2006, Kwan withdrew from the U.S. Figure Skating Championships with an abdominal injury incurred in December 2005. One week later she filed a petition with United States Figure Skating for a medical waiver to be placed on the 2006 Olympic figure skating team. On January 14, 2006, on the same night after the United States ladies figure skating event, the United States Figure Skating international committee met and in a 20 to 3 vote approved Kwan's petition to be placed on the Olympics team under the stipulation that she must show her physical and competitive readiness to a five-member monitoring panel by January 27, 2006.

Kwan performed her long and short programs for the panel on the stipulated day, and her spot on the Olympic team was established as the panel felt she was fit to compete. However, on February 12, 2006 the United States Olympic Committee announced that Kwan had withdrawn from the Games after suffering a new groin injury in her first practice in Turin. The Turin organizing committee accepted the USOC's application for Emily Hughes (who had finished third at the U.S. Championships) to compete as Kwan's replacement.

Since her withdrawal from the Olympic team, Kwan turned down an offer to stay in Turin as a figure skating commentator for NBC Sports. [1] However, on February 16, 2006, The Walt Disney Company announced that Kwan will "serve as a celebrity representative and spokesperson for businesses across the entire range of The Walt Disney Company".[2]

Kwan's competitive history spans over a decade, as she has been competing at the national level since she was 12 years old. This table shows her record in the U.S., World and Olympic Championships, along with the other top skaters whom Michelle has competed against. As of September, 2005, her major wins have all been under the old 6.0 scoring system and she has only competed in one NJS competition.

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Key: SP-Short Program, FS-Free Skate, EX-Exhibition Program, 1-G 1st Place Gold Medal, 2-S 2nd Place Silver Medal, 3-B 3rd Place Bronze Medal

Famed wedding dress designer Vera Wang, who herself was a figure skater, has designed many of Kwan's costumes.She finished 11th grade with a 3.8 GPA and 12th grade with a 3.9 GPA, for a cumulative high school GPA of 3.6.Her sister Karen also skated competitively at the elite level, finishing 6th at the U.S. Nationals in 1997.Made a guest apperance in episode "Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass" in season sixteen of TV show The Simpsons Rewarding Dynamic Student-athletes) Scholarship program. It awards $5,000 dollars to 10 student athletes. REWARDS will provide each student $2,000 for the first year of college, and $1,000 each for the next three years.Michelle Kwan R.E.W.A.R.D.S. Scholarship program, established by the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors, has teamed up with Michelle Kwan to annually recognize 10 outstanding female high school graduates from across the United States who are involved in athletics. Each scholarship provides a $5,000 award payable over four years: $2,000 for the freshman year and $1,000 per year for up to three additional years based upon maintaining minumum eligibility criteria each year.

"As a child, I'd wonder, 'When I die, will people still remember me 1,000 years later?' And without the gold medal ... Well, the Olympics are the ultimate achievement in my sport. At times I think, 'Why should I push myself all those long hours in the rink?' But then I think, 'How will I ever know how good I could have been?' I want to be the Michael Jordan of my sport." - Kwan, following the 1998 Olympic Games in Nagano, Japan.